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What causes blepharitis?



Blepharitis is a common and often chronic condition that affects the eyelids, causing inflammation and irritation. It is characterized by red, swollen, and flaky eyelids, as well as itching, burning, and sensitivity to light. Understanding the causes of blepharitis is important for effective management and prevention of the condition.


Bacterial Infections

One of the most common causes of blepharitis is a bacterial infection. Bacteria that commonly cause blepharitis include Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. These bacteria can thrive in the warm and moist environment of the eyelids, causing inflammation and irritation.


Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

The meibomian glands are small oil glands located in the eyelids that produce the oil layer of the tear film. Dysfunction of these glands can lead to an imbalance in the tear film, causing dryness and irritation. Meibomian gland dysfunction is a common cause of blepharitis, particularly in cases of posterior blepharitis.


Allergies

Allergies can cause inflammation and irritation of the eyes and eyelids, leading to blepharitis. Common allergens that can trigger blepharitis include pollen, pet dander, dust mites, and certain foods or medications.


Demodex Mites

Demodex mites are tiny parasites that live in the hair follicles of the eyelashes. While these mites are present on most people’s eyelids, an overgrowth of these mites can lead to inflammation and irritation, causing blepharitis.


Seborrheic Dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition that causes red, scaly patches on the scalp, face, and other areas of the body. When it affects the eyelids, it can cause blepharitis. Seborrheic dermatitis is thought to be caused by an overgrowth of yeast on the skin.


Environmental Factors

Environmental factors can also contribute to the development of blepharitis. Exposure to smoke, pollution, and other irritants can cause inflammation and irritation of the eyelids. Prolonged use of contact lenses can also contribute to the development of blepharitis.


Hormonal Changes

Hormonal changes can also contribute to the development of blepharitis. Women who are pregnant or going through menopause may be more susceptible to developing blepharitis due to changes in hormone levels.


Poor Hygiene

Poor hygiene practices can also contribute to the development of blepharitis. Failure to regularly clean the eyelids and lashes can lead to a buildup of debris and bacteria, causing inflammation and irritation.


In conclusion, understanding the causes of blepharitis is important for effective management and prevention of the condition. Bacterial infections, meibomian gland dysfunction, allergies, Demodex mites, seborrheic dermatitis, environmental factors, hormonal changes, and poor hygiene are all potential causes of blepharitis. By identifying and addressing the underlying cause of blepharitis, individuals can effectively manage and prevent the condition.

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